Monterey Hills Wildfire Resilience Strategy

The City of South Pasadena is taking a layered approach to wildfire risk reduction in the Monterey Hills, which containers areas designated as both high and very high fire hazard severity zones. Several efforts are currently underway or planned to reduce hazardous vegetation, improve defensible space, support emergency vehicle access, and help maintain safer evacuation routes for residents.

Fire Hazard Severity Zones

The City of South Pasadena's local Fire Hazard Severity Zone (FHSZ) map identifies areas of the community at greatest threat of wildfires. These updates are crucial to helping us plan, prepare, and protect our community.

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FHSZ maps are developed using a science-based and field-tested model that assigns a hazard score based on the factors that influence fire likelihood and fire behavior. Many factors are considered such as fire history, existing and potential fuel (natural vegetation), predicted flame length, blowing embers, terrain, and typical fire weather for the area. There are three levels of hazard in the State Responsibility Areas: moderate, high, and very high.

The fire hazard severity model for wildland fire has two key elements: probability of an area burning and expected fire behavior under extreme fuel and weather conditions. The zones reflect areas that have similar burn probabilities and fire behavior characteristics. The factors considered in determining fire hazard within wildland areas are fire history, flame length, terrain, local weather, and potential fuel over a 50-year period. Outside of wildlands, the model considers factors that might lead to buildings being threatened, including terrain, weather, urban vegetation cover, blowing embers, proximity to wildland, fire history, and fire hazard in nearby wildlands. FHSZs are not a structure loss model, as key information regarding structure ignition (such as roof type, etc.) is not included. 

The current local FSHZ map was updated in late 2025 to more accurately reflect the zones in South Pasadena that are susceptible to wildfire. In 2022, the City of South Pasadena established a local Fire Hazard Severity Zone which was adopted by local ordinance. In 2025, Cal Fire adopted a separate FHSZ map of the region which did not account for South Pasadena’s local ordinance. The updated version of the FHSZ map consolidated these maps through overlay of State FHSZ and South Pasadena local ordinance.

More information about Fire Hazard Severity Zones is available on the CAL FIRE website

Risk Reduction Efforts

The Monterey Hills include steep terrain, narrow roads, hillside vegetation, and homes located in areas with elevated wildfire risk. These conditions make vegetation management, defensible space, emergency access, and evacuation route planning especially important.

The City’s priorities are to protect life safety, reduce wildfire risk near homes, improve emergency vehicle access, maintain safer evacuation routes, protect property, and consider environmental protection throughout the process.

Residents may see inspection activity, trimming crews, mechanical vegetation work, temporary goat grazing areas, containment fencing, contractor vehicles, signage, or City staff reviewing access conditions in the Monterey Hills area.

Tree maintenance and emergency access improvements

Under City supervision, West Coast Arborists will be trimming City-owned in the Monterey Hills to help maintain compliance with California Fire Code access requirements, including a minimum clear width of 20 feet and a minimum vertical clearance of 13 feet 6 inches. This work is intended to improve emergency vehicle access and help maintain safer routes for residents during an emergency. Fire engines, ambulances, and other emergency vehicles require adequate clearance to safely reach homes and neighborhoods, especially in hillside areas with narrow streets and limited access.

Affected residents will be notified in advance. No Parking signs will be posted in affected areas during working hours due to the danger of falling limbs. Residents are asked to clear their front yard of cars, furniture, and other valuable items while work is underway.

As part of this effort, the City will also evaluate road widths and locations where emergency vehicle access may be limited or challenged. In cooperation with the community, additional parking restrictions may be considered in certain areas where parked vehicles reduce access for fire engines, ambulances, or other emergency vehicles.

Annual weed abatement on privately owned vacant parcels

The City continues its annual weed abatement partnership with the Los Angeles County Department of Agriculture, Weights, and Measures. Through this program, privately owned vacant parcels within the City are inspected and, when necessary, abated to reduce hazardous weeds, dry grasses, and other vegetation that can contribute to wildfire spread.

Annual weed abatement and vegetation management on public property

The City also conducts annual weed abatement and vegetation management on publicly owned or City-controlled areas. In 2026, work in the Monterey Hills will include targeted goat grazing as part of a hybrid vegetation management approach. Goats may be used in selected areas to reduce grasses, weeds, light brush, fine fuels, and other vegetation that can contribute to wildfire spread, especially in steep or difficult-to-access locations.

Traditional mechanical trimming, hand work, mowing, selective cutting, and follow-up maintenance may still be used where those methods are more appropriate. Goat grazing is one tool within a broader vegetation management strategy and is not a one-size-fits-all solution.

Targeted Grazing Parameters

The City will conduct limited and controlled goat grazing in areas of the Monterey Hills as appropriate. The targeted grazing area will be limited to City-owned or City-controlled property within 100 feet of privately owned land containing legal residential structures.

The purpose of this effort is reduce grasses, weeds, light brush, fine fuels, and other vegetation that can contribute to wildfire spread. The project is not intended to remove healthy, mature, scenic trees, and is not a broad open-space grazing program, grading project, development project, habitat conversion project, or ecological restoration project.

Before grazing begins, City staff and the contractor will conduct a site review to confirm treatment areas, access, boundaries, and field conditions. Areas may be excluded from grazing if they include sensitive vegetation, drainage concerns, unstable slopes, erosion risk, sedimentation concerns, access limitations, or other site conditions that make grazing inappropriate. If grazing is not appropriate in a specific area but fuel reduction is still needed, the City may use mechanical trimming, hand crews, mowing, selective cutting, or other follow-up maintenance methods.

The City will monitor the work through field observations, photographs, contractor updates, and post-treatment review, and may stop, redirect, reduce, exclude, or modify grazing activity if field conditions warrant. The contractor will be required to use approved treatment boundaries, containment fencing, and active communication with City staff.

Residents should not enter fenced grazing areas, approach the goats, feed the animals, or interfere with fencing or contractor operations.

The City’s goal is to reduce wildfire risk near homes while making reasonable, good-faith efforts to minimize soil disturbance, protect drainage areas, and avoid unnecessary impacts to native vegetation and sensitive resources.

How Residents Can Participate

Residents can help by maintaining defensible space on their own property by keeping vegetation trimmed away from roads and driveways, avoiding parking in ways that restrict emergency access, and reporting site-specific concerns to the City.

More information about defensible space is available on the CAL FIRE website.